Immigration pg 191 - 200
Canada’s Immigration History
- Where people came from has changed greatly over the years, dependent upon the world issues at that time
- WWII devastate Italy, so in the 1940’s and 1950’s Italy provided Canada with many new residents seeking better economic opportunities (slowed in the 1960’s)
- Other people are less likely to come to Canada if they see improved economic opportunities at home
- Canada has also been a haven against dangers from other within an immigrant’s own country
- Hungarians in 1956 to escape Soviet pressure
- Somalis in the late 1980’s to escape civil war and famine
- There is an uneven distribution of immigrants and native Canadian people all over Canada
- In 1991, 16% of Canadian residents were born in other countries, but 94% of those people lived in just four provinces: Ontario, BC, Quebec, and Alberta
- Most immigrants choose to settle in large cities (Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal)
- Push Factors: reasons for leaving your own country
- Taxation too high, war, political unrest, poor climate, poor economy etc
- Pull Factors: reasons that attract you to another country
- Better job opportunities, better taxes, climate is more suited to them, friends / relative live there, better schooling etc
- Intervening Obstacles: factors that discourage (or even stop) a person from following through on his/her decision to immigrate
- Immigration requirements, distances involved, costs of immigration etc
- Landed Immigrant: Canadian immigrant with permanent resident status who is not yet a Canadian Citizenship
- Independent Immigrants: 2 types:
- Skilled Workers: a person must receive 70 points in a complicated system that is designed to identify which people are most likely to become successful residents of Canada
- If a particular type of worker is needed by the Canadian economy, those questions will be given more points
- Business Immigrants: must show immigration officials a willingness and an ability to make a significant financial contribution to Canada’s economy, which they can do by;
- establish a business, buying a business, or making investments that create at least one job outside of their own family
- Family Immigrants: must be sponsored by a relative living in Canada
- Purpose is to reunite families (spouses, dependent children, parents, grandparents, and in some cases brothers / sisters / nephews / nieces / grandchildren)
- Sponsor must agree to provide housing and other needs for ten years if the immigrant runs into financial difficulty
- Refugees: someone who fears persecution (or death) in his or her home country
- Persecution must arise from reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group
- Typically ranges from 24 000 to 32 000 people every year
- Interprovincial Migration: people who emigrate from one province into another province within Canada
- Skilled Workers: a person must receive 70 points in a complicated system that is designed to identify which people are most likely to become successful residents of Canada